Compound Bow Maintenance: Essential Or Not?

Compound bows require regular maintenance to ensure they remain in good working condition and to prevent malfunction and potential injury. Maintenance tasks include regular inspections, proper storage, waxing the bowstring, and synchronising the cams. It is also important to avoid dry-firing the bow, which can cause significant damage. While compound bows are easy to maintain, poor maintenance can lead to costly repairs.

Do Compound Bows Need Maintenance?

Wax the bowstring regularly

Waxing your bowstring is an essential part of maintaining your compound bow. The bowstring is the most important part of any bow, and it needs to be kept in good condition to ensure optimal performance. Waxing the bowstring regularly will help to keep it supple and protect it from fraying and other damage.

How often you should wax your bowstring depends on a few factors, including the environmental conditions in which you use and store your bow, and how often you shoot. A good rule of thumb is to wax your bowstring every week or two. You should also wax it before any competition, especially if rain is forecast.

To determine if your bowstring needs waxing, touch it. If it feels dry, slick, or furry, it's time to wax. A well-waxed string should feel slightly sticky.

When waxing your bowstring, be sure to use a silicone wax, as other types of wax can damage the fibres of the string. Here is a step-by-step guide to waxing your bowstring:

• Check your string for any dirt or dust. Use a clean, dry cloth to wipe down the string, removing any debris. You can also use a string cleaning product if you prefer.
• Apply the wax directly to the length of the string by rubbing it up and down until wax is visible along the strands. Avoid getting any wax on the nocking point or the servings around it.
• Use your fingers to massage the wax into the string. As the string is made up of multiple strands, you need to push the wax around and into all the gaps. Apply enough pressure to heat the string between your fingers as you work the wax in.
• Take a fabric cord, or leather if you prefer, and wrap it in a loop around the string. Push the loop up and down the length of the string to even out the spread of wax.
• Remove any leftover lumps of wax with your fingers.

By waxing your bowstring regularly and following the steps outlined above, you can help ensure that your compound bow stays in the best possible condition.

Avoid dry-firing your bow

Dry-firing your bow can cause irrevocable damage to your compound bow and even injure you. The term "dry-fire" refers to shooting a bow without an arrow nocked on the bowstring. When you release the bowstring, the limbs spring back into place, and the force stored in them—which depends on the draw weight—is converted into kinetic energy. Usually, this energy propels the arrow into flight. However, when there is no arrow to absorb the energy, it has nowhere to go but back into the bow.

The bow is not designed to absorb such power, and the brutal release of energy is loud and potentially dangerous. It can cause a literal explosion, with shockwaves blasting through every inch of the bow's moving parts. This can damage the cams and limbs, loosen screws, snap the bowstring, and send parts flying. Even if the bow seems fine, it probably isn't. There may be a thin spot in the cam where the string hooks on, which can bend during a dry-fire. This spot can be so slight that you won't notice it unless you're trained to spot it.

To avoid dry-firing your bow, always be vigilant and practice safety. Inspect your bow, arrows, and accessories while practising. Follow your shooting steps, and always handle your gear with care and respect. Tell friends and family members not to touch your bow. Keep your bow stored in a case when not in use, and avoid extreme temperatures and moisture.

Regularly inspect the bow for wear or damage

Regular inspections of your compound bow are essential to ensure it is in good working condition and safe to use. Here are some detailed tips on how to regularly inspect your bow for wear or damage:

Inspect for Wear and Damage

When inspecting your bow, pay close attention to any signs of regular wear and tear or damage. This includes checking for strange vibrations or unusual sounds during the inspection or shooting. Even a small irregularity, if left unattended, can lead to a serious issue over time. For example, what started as a strange noise could eventually become a fractured limb. Therefore, it is crucial to address any issues promptly to prevent them from escalating.

Check the Limbs

The limbs of your compound bow are crucial for withstanding stress and tension. However, even they have their limits. Inspect the limbs for any splints, cracks, or hairline fractures, as these could lead to safety hazards. Use your fingers to run along the limbs, feeling for any imperfections. Alternatively, you can use a cotton ball or pad to rub along the limbs, as the cotton will catch on any imperfections that may be difficult to see.

Inspect the Cables and Bowstring

The cables and bowstring are also susceptible to wear and tear and should be inspected regularly. Check for any signs of fraying, dry conditions, or fuzzy texture by running your fingers along the cables and bowstring. If you notice any issues, it is important to replace them promptly. The recommended interval for replacement is typically within 12-18 months or after 2,000 to 3,000 shots, depending on usage frequency.

Wax the Bowstring

Waxing your bowstring is an essential part of maintenance. Use a proper wax compound with silicone, as this will help keep your bow in perfect shape. Avoid using candle wax, as this can be detrimental. The frequency of waxing depends on your usage. If you use your bow frequently, it is recommended to wax the bowstring once a week. If you use it less often, waxing once or twice a month should suffice. Remember to apply a thin coat, as too much wax can cause the string to slip off the cams.

Avoid Moisture and Extreme Temperatures

Exposure to moisture and extreme temperatures can be detrimental to your compound bow. Always store your bow in a dry place with optimal temperatures. Avoid leaving it in hot vehicles or exposing it to snow or rain. Moisture can seep into the wood, causing it to swell and disfigure your bow. Extreme heat can damage the synthetic string and cable material, leading to potential failure. Therefore, it is crucial to keep your bow away from heat sources and properly stored when not in use.

By following these detailed tips, you can ensure that your compound bow is regularly inspected for wear and damage, helping to extend its lifespan and ensure safe usage.

Keep the bow away from extreme heat

Extreme heat can cause significant damage to your compound bow, so it's important to take precautions to protect it from high temperatures. Here are some detailed tips to ensure your bow stays in optimal condition:

Understand the Risks of Extreme Heat

Extreme heat can cause the synthetic string and cable material of your compound bow to stretch and become damaged. This can affect the accuracy of your shots and, in some cases, even lead to potential injuries. The heat can also cause the glue in the bow limbs to seep out, creating a dangerous situation. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid direct exposure to excessive heat.

Store Your Bow Properly

When not in use, always store your bow in a cool, dry place with optimal temperatures. Keep it locked inside a bow case to protect it from extreme heat and other environmental factors. Make sure the storage area is well-ventilated and avoid leaving your bow in direct sunlight or in a hot car, as these can cause the temperature to rise to dangerous levels.

Monitor Temperature Changes

Whether you're shooting indoors or outdoors, pay attention to temperature changes. While modern compound bows can withstand ambient air temperatures, direct sunlight or enclosed spaces like a hot car can create excessive heat that can affect your bow's performance. If you must transport your bow in a vehicle, park in the shade and avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.

Inspect and Maintain Your Bow Regularly

Regularly inspect your bow for any signs of heat damage. Check the strings and cables for stretching or wear and replace them if necessary. Additionally, monitor the limbs for any signs of de-lamination or glue seepage. By staying vigilant and proactive with your bow maintenance, you can identify and address any heat-related issues before they become more serious.

Consider the Shooting Environment

When shooting in hot weather, be mindful of how the temperature is affecting you and your equipment. Stay hydrated, dress appropriately, and take breaks to ensure you remain cool and comfortable. If possible, shoot in shaded areas or during cooler times of the day to minimise the impact of extreme heat on your bow.

Lubricate axles and other parts

Lubrication is an important aspect of compound bow maintenance. It is recommended to lubricate the axles and other moving parts of the bow regularly. This helps to ensure that the bow functions correctly and reduces friction. However, it is important to note that not all parts of the bow require lubrication.

When lubricating the axles, it is advised to use a light, spot lubrication specifically on the axles where they pass through the wheel/cam. This should be done regularly, approximately every 1,500-2,000 shots. In adverse conditions with dirt, dust, and moisture, daily lubrication may be required. It is recommended to use a silicone or Teflon-based lubricant, or any other quality grease available from a reputable source. It is important to avoid using penetrating oils such as WD-40, as these can break down the grease and cause damage to the bow.

In addition to the axles, other parts of the bow that may require lubrication include the limb pockets and release aid. It is recommended to use a light coating of silicone grease or copper anti-seize in the limb pockets. This helps to prevent squeaking and keeps the bow functioning smoothly. However, it is important to avoid using grease on the cams or other parts of the bow, as it can collect dust, dirt, and other debris.

Overall, proper lubrication is an important aspect of compound bow maintenance. By regularly lubricating the axles and other relevant parts, archers can ensure optimal performance and prolong the lifespan of their equipment.

Frequently asked questions